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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM) smart grids peak to average ratio (PAR) smart meters and logarithmic price function

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Review of stochastic optimization methods for smart grid

S. Surender REDDY, Vuddanti SANDEEP, Chan-Mook JUNG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 197-209 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0457-7

摘要： This paper presents various approaches used by researchers for handling the uncertainties involved in renewable energy sources, load demands, etc. It gives an idea about stochastic programming (SP) and discusses the formulations given by different researchers for objective functions such as cost, loss, generation expansion, and voltage/V control with various conventional and advanced methods. Besides, it gives a brief idea about SP and its applications and discusses different variants of SP such as recourse model, chance constrained programming, sample average approximation, and risk aversion. Moreover, it includes the application of these variants in various power systems. Furthermore, it also includes the general mathematical form of expression for these variants and discusses the mathematical description of the problem and modeling of the system. This review of different optimization techniques will be helpful for smart grid development including renewable energy resources (RERs).

关键词： renewable energy sources stochastic optimization smart grid uncertainty optimal power flow (OPF)

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An overview of the reliability metrics for power grids and telecommunication networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 531-544 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0167-z

摘要： Power grids deliver energy, and telecommunication networks transmit information. These two facilities are critical to human society. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive overview of the development of reliability metrics for power grids and telecommunication networks. The main purpose of this review is to promote and support the formulation of communication network reliability metrics with reference to the development of power grid reliability. We classify the metrics of power grid into the reliability of power distribution and generation/transmission and the metrics of telecommunication network into connectivity-based, performance-based, and state-based metrics. Then, we exhibit and discuss the difference between the situations of the reliability metrics of the two systems. To conclude this study, we conceive a few topics for future research and development for telecommunication network reliability metrics.

关键词： reliability metrics power grids telecommunication networks

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考虑调度员思维过程的智能电网态势感知构架 Review

You-bo LIU,Jun-yong LIU,Gareth TAYLOR,Ting-jian LIU,Jing GOU,Xi ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1107-1121 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601516

摘要：现阶段，智能电网运行环境比以往更加复杂。新能源渗透、市场化、网络安全以及自然灾害等大量因素，给电网控制中心带来诸多挑战甚至威胁。电网调度员需要新的技术支持，以快速、准确地感知电网运行态势，并采取相应措施。为解决此难题，我们首次引入并介绍了调度环节中新兴态势感知技术的背景和需求。为使读者更好地理解这个领域的最新研究进展，本文综述了态势感知的一般概念和相关技术要求。为更好地指导调度员在实时电网运行中准确、迅速地采取措施，本文讨论了在态势感知架构设计中融合调度员思维的重要性。最后，本文分析了态势感知构架的研究前景，希冀以先进、可视化的方式构造态势感知模型。

关键词：智能电网；态势感知；调度员思维过程；技术构架

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具有智能外围的智能电网——能源互联网架构 Artical

Felix F. Wu,Pravin P. Varaiya,Ron S. Y. Hui

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第4期页码 436-446 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015111

摘要：

未来的智能电网应能够实现能源互联网的愿景：数百万用户利用可再生能源，在家庭、办公室和工厂生产所需的能源，并实现共享；广泛使用电动车辆和本地储能系统；利用互联网技术将当前电网升级为实现能源共享的互联网络。为实现这个愿景，本文提出了具有智能外围的智能电网的架构和概念，或称为智能GRIP。GRIP架构的构建模块被称为集群，配置能量管理系统(EMS) 的输电网是一个在电网核心的集群，外围的配电网，微电网和智能楼宇及住宅均为(外围的) 集群。这些集群全部采用分层结构。GRIP的分层架构可让电网实现从当前电网功能到未来即插即用型电网的无缝过渡。所有的集群都包括三个基本功能，即调度、消除波动和故障缓解。为实现上述功能，本文提出了风险约束的调度方法；开发了一种名为“电力弹簧”的新型装置，用于消除外围集群的电力波动；另外还讨论了故障的缓解措施。

关键词：智能电网未来电网能源互联网能量管理系统可再生能源接入电力系统运行电力系统控制配电自动化系统需求侧管理

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Improved resilience measure for component recovery priority in power grids

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 545-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0161-5

摘要： Given the complexity of power grids, the failure of any component may cause large-scale economic losses. Consequently, the quick recovery of power grids after disasters has become a new research direction. Considering the severity of power grid disasters, an improved power grid resilience measure and its corresponding importance measures are proposed. The recovery priority of failed components after a disaster is determined according to the influence of the failed components on the power grid resilience. Finally, based on the data from the 2019 Power Yearbook of each city in Shandong Province, China, the power grid resilience after a disaster is analyzed for two situations, namely, partial components failure and failure of all components. Result shows that the recovery priorities of components with different importance measures vary. The resilience evaluations under different repair conditions prove the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： resilience measure power grid importance measure component recovery

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Influence of increasing numbers of RE-inverters on the power quality in the distribution grids: A PQ

Przemyslaw JANIK, Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI, Harald SCHWARZ

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 155-167 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0469-3

摘要： This paper presents the selected power quality (PQ) indicia of a wind generator and a photovoltaic installation considered to be the representative of medium voltage and low voltage distribution grids. The analysis of measured values suggests that the decrease in PQ is a case of specific combination of distributed generation, grid parameters and load behaviour. Modern generators have a limited impact on PQ. On the other hand, fluctuations in power generation are regarded as an emerging PQ indicator. The growing number of distributed renewable installations causes stochastic, variable, and hardly predictable power flows in the distribution grid. The nature of fluctuations in wind and solar generation is different. In both cases, new indexes for the quantification of fluctuations are needed and are yet not standardised. Proper assessment of these fluctuations enables definition of useful fluctuation limits and rules for optimal storage system integration.

关键词： power quality harmonics sags photovoltaic(PV) system doubly feed induction generator (DFIG) inverters

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基于深度学习技术的集群电动汽车及家庭热水系统灵活性预测 Article

胡俊杰, 周华嫣然, 周羿宏, 张海婧, Lars Nordströmd, 杨光亚

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1101-1114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.008

摘要：

随着电网中间歇性可再生能源发电规模的增大，为了保证电能质量和频率的稳定性，电网对可控资源的需求也随之增加。需求响应（demand response, DR）资源的灵活性已成为解决这一问题的一个有价值的方法。然而，目前关于DR资源的灵活性预测问题尚未得到充分的研究。本研究应用一种深度学习技术，即结合时间卷积神经网络的Transformer模型（temporal convolution network-combined transformer）来预测电动汽车与家庭热水系统两种DR资源的聚合灵活性。所提出的灵活性预测方法使用了基于DR资源的历史用电数据以及为了辅助预测所提出的DR信号数据。所提方法不仅可以预测聚合灵活性的大小，还可以预测其维持时间。最后，本文通过算例仿真验证了灵活性预测结果的准确性。仿真结果表明，在不同的灵活性维持时间下，DR资源灵活性的大小会发生变化。文中所提出的DR资源灵活性预测方法展现了其在释放需求侧资源的灵活性以向电网提供备用容量方面的应用。

关键词：负荷灵活性电动汽车家庭热水系统结合时间卷积神经网络的Transformer模型深度学习

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Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 177-195 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0184-y

摘要： Late payment, and indeed no payment, is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long. Recent development in blockchain technology, particularly its smart contract, seems to provide a new opportunity to improve this old problem. However, this opportunity is largely unexploited. This study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract (BBSC) system for smart payment in the construction industry by focusing on the fundamental cycle of payment freezing (sometimes also synonymously called payment guarantees) and disbursement application. Firstly, a BBSC framework, containing three processes of (a) initiation and configuration, (b) payment freezing, and (c) disbursement application, is developed. Next, based on the framework, the system architecture of the BBSC system, containing three layers of (1) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), (2) Blockchain as a Service (BaaS), and (3) Software as a Service (SaaS) is proposed and elaborated. Finally, based on the system architecture, a BBSC prototype system is developed using a real-life modular construction project as a case study. It was found that the prototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment, thereby enabling smart payment in construction transactions. Without advocating radical changes (e.g., the contractual relationships or the intermediate role of banks in modern construction projects), the prototype can be developed into a real-life BBSC system that can work compatibly with current advancements in the field. Future works are recommended to fine-tune the findings and translate and implement them in real-life applications.

关键词： blockchain construction project smart contract smart payment payment dispute

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A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 31-55 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9

摘要： E-commerce, new retail, and other changes have highlighted the requirement of high efficiency and accuracy in the logistics service. As an important section in logistics and supply chain management, warehouses need to respond positively to the increasing requirement. The “smart warehouse” system, which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies, is increasingly attracting the attention of industry and technology giants as an efficient solution for the future of warehouse development. This study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehouses. We provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics of smart warehouses, including the perspectives of information interconnection, equipment automation, process integration, and environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review of relevant literature is then carried out based on the framework with four perspectives. This study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners.

关键词： smart warehouse operations management interconnection automation integration sustainability

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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

摘要： Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adapting existing and new infrastructure systems to integrate technological advances to mitigate extreme weather due to climate change. Research has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilience but also many health and wellbeing benefits that improve the quality of life of citizens. With the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governance, privacy, and security, must be addressed. This paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-based solutions and smart technology to help change cities to achieve considerable environmental and socio-economic benefits. The concepts of grey, green, and smart infrastructure are presented, and the needs, benefits, and applications are investigated. Moreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken with keyword searches, including journal papers, stakeholder and case study reports, and local authority action plans. The methodology adopts multimethod qualitative information review, including literature, case studies, expert interviews, and documentary analysis. Published data and information are analysed to capture the key concepts in implementing SGI systems, such as storm-water control, flood and coastal defense, urban waste management, transportation, recreation, and asset management. The paper investigates the elimination of silo approaches and the alleviation of the destructions caused by extreme weather events using these interdependent SGI systems supported by novel data-driven platforms to provide nature-based solutions to boost the health and wellbeing of the residents.

关键词： grey infrastructure green infrastructure smart infrastructure smart and green combined infrastructure smart cities future cities

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0275-z

摘要： Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Nelson Martins：从超级电网到智能电网：工程挑战与研究现状（2020年8月15日）

2022年06月13日

关键词：智能电网

Operations management of smart logistics: A literature review and future research

Bo FENG,Qiwen YE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 344-355 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0156-2

摘要： The global collaboration and integration of online and offline channels have brought new challenges to the logistics industry. Thus, smart logistics has become a promising solution for handling the increasing complexity and volume of logistics operations. Technologies, such as the Internet of Things, information communication technology, and artificial intelligence, enable more efficient functions into logistics operations. However, they also change the narrative of logistics management. Scholars in the areas of engineering, logistics, transportation, and management are attracted by this revolution. Operations management research on smart logistics mainly concerns the application of underlying technologies, business logic, operation framework, related management system, and optimization problems under specific scenarios. To explore these studies, the related literature has been systematically reviewed in this work. On the basis of the research gaps and the needs of industrial practices, future research directions in this field are also proposed.

关键词： smart logistics operations management optimization Internet of Things

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The development trend and practical innovation of smart cities under the integration of new technologies

Xiaohong CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 485-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0057-9

摘要： Smart cities have rapidly developed in the context of the integration of new digital technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchains, and virtual reality. These cities have conducted practical innovations and typical cases in many sectors, such as in government, transportation, environmental protection, energy, medical care, and logistics, and have produced many social, economic, and ecological benefits. However, there are still some problems that continue to hinder the construction of smart cities. This paper examines such problems in depth and proposes some relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

关键词： new technology integration smart city big data practical innovation